几种观赏花卉的组织培养

自1982年来,我园用组织培养的方法对君子兰、五星花、重瓣矮牵牛、贴梗海棠、药百合等观赏花卉进行了实验,均取得了成功,其中部份试管苗移栽土壤成功,并已开花。下面将实验结果小结如下: 1.君子兰Clivia nobilis     

Cross‐species amplification in silver carp and bighead carp with microsatellite primers of common carp

About a third of microsatellite primers designed for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was successfully amplified in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). These markers, inherited in Mendelian mode, are of potential applications in cypinid genetics.     

两种鲤科经济鱼类水声目标强度的实验测定与应用评估

鱼类目标强度(Target Strength,TS)及其与鱼体长度的关系是渔业声学技术研究和应用的核心内容之一。本文以我国广泛分布的鲤科经济鱼类鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)为研究对象,选择湖北省宜昌市隔河岩水库的一处僻静库湾作为实验地点,于2017年5月1—20日采用绳系实验法和Simrad EY60型(频率120 kHz)分裂波束回声探测仪,在环境干扰小的实验网箱里逐一测量单体实验鱼游动状态下的目标强度,由此构建2种鱼的目标强度与个体大小关系式。用于实验的鲤和鳙均为26尾,其全长分别为19.9—29.6 cm和49.2—74.2 cm,体重分别为175—461 g和1200—4700 g,实验所测TS值分别为–59.35—–45.20 dB和–34.22—–17.49 dB。回归得到实验鱼目标强度(TS,dB)与全长(TL,cm)关系式(1)鲤: TS = 29.84×lgTL – 95.23(R^2 = 0.74,P<0.01),(2)鳙: TS = 35.88×lgTL – 90.33 (R^2 = 0.83,P<0.01)。同时选择一个小型封闭水体(盐龙湖)“赶、拦、刺、张”联合渔法捕捞之前的鱼探仪调查数据作为分析实例,通过本文鳙TS-TL关系式估算全湖鱼类资源总量为89360 kg,折合40.1 g/m^2,捕捞产量(73610 kg)与之较为接近,在一定程度上反映了实验目标强度测定及其与体长关系式的合理性,有助于丰富我国内陆水域鱼类资源水声学评估技术的基础参数。     

二龄鲢和鳙血液的比较研究

以１１５尾二龄链和９１尾二龄鳙为材料,测定了血液中红细胞数,白细胞数、血红蛋白值、红细胞脆性植、比积及比重,红细胞沉降率,白细胞分数计数值及各型血细胞大小等正常值。结果显示：红细胞和白细胞值,比积值及淋巴细胞所占百分比值均是鲢高于鳙,而红细胞沉降率和中性粒细胞却是鳙高于链,在鲢上,其血液指标植也存在雌雄差异,上述血液指标值也存在周年变化。     

First U.K. recording in the wild of the bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis

Five specimens of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis were captured from a lake in eastern England in January 2006, their first confirmed recording in the wild in the U.K. They varied in fork lengths from 746 to 796 mm and mass from 10·0 to 13·5 kg. All the fish were age 9 years and were slow growing compared to populations elsewhere in their expanded range.     

Multiplex microsatellite PCR panels and their application in genetic analyses of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix)

In this study, three multiplex PCR panels involving twelve microsatellite loci were developed for cross-species amplification in bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix). The panels were verified using population genetic analyses, and species and simulated hybrid discriminations based on the genotype data of all individuals from two populations for each species. The number of alleles (Na), the observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho and He), and the polymorphic information content (PIC) of twelve loci were ranged from 5 to 20, 0.189 to 0.956, 0.177 to 901, and 0.169 to 0.887, respectively. Overall, almost all the microsatellite loci were detected as highly polymorphic across the two species. The populations of same species showed close genetic distances and similar genetic structures. Significant genetic differentiations were only detected between populations from different species, with a higher variation between species (21.17%) compared with that between populations within species (0.18%). In the species and simulated hybrid discrimination analyses, the individuals from different species were separated distinctly, and the simulated hybrids could almost be separated with the true individuals. In brief, the results indicated the high efficiency of the microsatellite multiplex panels developed in this study, which provide a practicable tool for further genetic analyses of H. nobilis and H. molitrix.     

An anatomical assessment of branch abscission and branch-base hydraulic architecture in the endangered Wollemia nobilis

Background and Aims: The branch-base xylem structure of the endangered Wollemia nobiliswas anatomically investigated. Wollemia nobilis is probablythe only extant tree species that produces only first-orderbranches and where all branches are cleanly abscised. An investigationwas carried out to see if these unusual features might influencebranch-base xylem structure and water supply to the foliage. Methods: The xylem was sectioned at various distances along the branchbases of 6-year-old saplings. Huber values and relative theoreticalhydraulic conductivities were calculated for various regionsof the branch base. Key Results: The most proximal branch base featured a pronounced xylem constriction.The constriction had only 14–31 % (average 21 %)of the cross-sectional area and 20–42 % (average28 %) of the theoretical hydraulic conductivity of themore distal branch xylem. Wollemia nobilis had extremely lowHuber values for a conifer. Conclusions: The branch-base xylem constriction would appear to facilitatebranch abscission, while the associated Huber values show thatW. nobilis supplies a relatively large leaf area through a relativelysmall diameter ‘pipe’. It is tempting to suggestthat the pronounced decline of W. nobilis in the Tertiary isrelated to its unusual branch-base structure but physiologicalstudies of whole plant conductance are still needed.     

Trait plasticity,not values,best corresponds with woodland plant success in novel and manipulated habitats

Aims The clustering of plants with similar leaf traits along environmental gradients may arise from adaptation as well as acclimation to heterogeneous habitat conditions. Determining the forces that shape plant leaf traits requires both linking variation in trait morphology with abiotic gradients and linking that trait variation with plant performance under varying abiotic conditions. Across the spectrum of plant types, shade-tolerant evergreen herbs are relatively low in trait plasticity, compared to deciduous and sun-adapted species. These plants employ stress-tolerant strategies for survival, which coincide with relatively static trait morphologies, slow growth and hence a lower ability to adjust to changing environmental conditions.Methods We investigate how the survival of two ecologically similar understory evergreen species, Asarum arifolium and Hepatica nobilis, corresponds with variation in six commonly measured functional traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, plant height, leaf number, leaf length and shoot mass) along natural and experimental abiotic gradients. We examine temporal (the period 2007–9) and spatial (100 km) variations in these traits after (i) translocating 576 plants across a span from the southern Appalachian Mountains in NC, USA, to the Piedmont, GA, USA, which includes north- and south-facing slope habitats and (ii) the experimental manipulation of diffuse light and soil moisture.Important findings We find that when translocated into a novel habitats, with novel environmental conditions that often are more extreme than the source habitat, both species appear capable of considerable morphological acclimation and generally converge to similar trait values. Hepatica nobilis does not exhibit mean trait values particularly different from those of A. arifolium, but it demonstrates much greater phenotypic plasticity. These results indicate that relatively conservative plant species nonetheless acclimate and survive across heterogeneous environmental conditions.     

鳙Sox基因克隆及序列进化分析

利用简并引物SoxN和Sox9在鳙基因组DNA中进行PCR扩增和产物克隆测序,并对序列进行同源性比较和系统进化分析。结果表明本文鉴定出鳙15个Sox基因HMG盒序列,分别属于SoxB、SoxC和SoxE组,依据斑马鱼同源基因将其分别命名为Sox1a、Sox1b、Sox2、Sox3、Sox4a、Sox4b、Sox9a、Sox9b、Sox10、Sox11b、Sox12、Sox14a、Sox14b、Sox19和Sox21a。基于鳙和斑马鱼 Sox1、Sox4和Sox9 基因核苷酸序列构建的系统进化树显示这3个Sox基因的复制时间发生在鳙和斑马鱼的分化之前,结果支持了鱼类特异的基因组复制假说。以Sox1a、Sox1b和Sox4基因为分子钟标记构建系统进化树探讨鳙和斑马鱼的分化时间,结果显示,同属于鲤科鱼类的鳙（鲤亚科）和斑马鱼（鱼丹亚科）在原始的鱼丹亚科鱼类中存在一个共同祖先,大约出现在63.7百万年前。研究结果为进一步研究鱼类Sox基因复制和基因组进化等问题提供了重要参考资料。